Apparatus for the manufacture of glassware.



- No. 744,006. PATBNTED Nov. 10, 1903. 'J. PROEGER,

APPARATUS FOR THEMANUPAGTURE 0F GLASSWARE'.

APPLIGATIOH FILED MAY 22, 1900.

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H0 MODEL.

I wnnsssssu PATEN'VIED NQV. 1o,-19o3.

' -J. PROEGER. v APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFAGTURE 0F GLASSWARE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22,'1900.

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iNVENTOR W PATENTED Nov. 10, 1903.

J. PROEGER. APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASSWARE.

. nrmm'nournmn mu 22, 1900.

H0 MODEL.

8 SHEETS-$11531 3.

M 4. 4 ,8 13 3? a 9 w 2 a 4 4 a z E a 4 2 i f a. 2 J, .2 2% Z 1 w 2 No. 744,006. PATENTED NOV. 10, 1903.

" J. PROEGER.

APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE 0F GLASSWARE. APPLICATION rum) mm 22, 1900. xo MODEL, 7 a sums-sum 4,

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PATENTED NOV. 10

J. PROIEGER. APPARATUS FOR THBMAN'UPAGTURE OF GLASSWARE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22,1900.

8 SHEETS-$113111 5.

N0 MODEL.

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PATENTED NOV. 10,;1903.w

.J. PROEGER. V APIARATUS FOR THE MANUFAGTURB 0F GLASSWARE.

APPLIOATION TILED KAY 22,1900.

K0 MODEL.

PATENTED'NOV. 10, 1903.-

J. PROEGER.

APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASSWARE,

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22, 1900. no MODEL. r s SHEETS-SHEET 7 WITNESSES PATENTED NOV. 10, 1903.

J. 2110mm. APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASSWAREL s SHEETS-SHEET 3.

H0 MODEL.

APPLIUATION FILED MAY 22, 1900.

invzn'ron I'ZW'ITIIfSIBES-Y 4 No. 744,006. Patented November 10, 1903.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JULIUS IllOEGER, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO TOLEDO GLASS COMPANY, OF TOLEDO, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASSWARE.

SPECIFICATION forming part-of Letters Patent No. 744,006, dated November 10, 1903. Application filed May 22,190Qn Serial No. 17.527. (N model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

of Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is a vertical section of Be it known that I, JULIUS PROEGER, acitithe mold of Fig. in reversed position with zenof the United States, residing atPittsburg, the bottle blown to final form. Fig. 18 is a. in the county of Alleghenyand State of Penndetail side elevation of the lever mechanism .5 sylvania, have invented or discovered new for operating the valve which controls the and useful Improvements in Apparatus for lowering of the cup in which the gathering of the Manufacture of Glassware, of which the glass is placed. Fig. 19 is a horizontal secfollowing is a specification. tion on the line XIX XIX of Fig. 15. Fig.' In the accompanying drawings,which make 20 is a horizontal section of the valvewhich l0 part of'this specification, Figure 1 is a side controls the movement of the bottom and elevation of my improved machine, partly in which supplies the air for blowing theinitial vertical section. Figs. 2,3,,4, and oare de cavity in the blank of-- Fig. 15. Fig.-21,' tail views, Fig. 2 being"'& top plan view of Sheet 6, is aside elevation, partly in vertical one of the molds partly open. Fig. 3 is a section, of' apparatus like that of Fig. 1, :5 horizontal section of the neck, modified in such manner that the blanks .mold looking upwardly. Fig. 4 after being partially formed in the molds 21 view of a modified construction bottom are transferred to other molds 86, in which for the mold, and Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional they are finished; Fig. 22 is a top plan. view view of, the valve for controlling the travelof the apparatus shown in Fig. 21. Fig. 23, no ing bottom shown in Fig. 1. Fig. (i,' Sheet 2, Sheet 7, is a sectional side elevation of a is a top plan view of Fig. 1. Fig sa horimodified machine. Fig. 24 is a plan view zontal section on the line VII VIbfFig. 1, thereof. 'Fig. 25 is a horizontal section on showing the rotating mechanism and the the line XXV XXV of Fig. 23, and Fig. 26 mechanism for moving the traveling bottom. is a. detail section of a suction device of modi- :5 Fig. 8, Sheet 3, is a. longitudinal section on fiedconstruction.

the line VIII VIII of Fig. 6, the suction de- The purpose of my invention is to provide vice being in communication with. the molda means of manufacture whereby articles of cavity. Fig. 9 is a detail sectional view of hollow glassware can be formed rapidly, the mouth of the suction device. Fig-l0 is cheaply, and of perfect form. By its use I 6 a vertical sectional view of the foot of the am enabled to dispense with much labor rotary moldcarrying standard. Fig. 11, heretofore necessary to be employed and re- Sheet 4, is afront elevation of the machine, duce the cost of manufacture to a minimum. the parts beingin the same position as shown So faras narrow-necked ware is concerned, inFigf l Fig. 12 is a detail view of the this apparatus shows the first practical ma- 5 uppe'rportion of the mold-carrying standard, chine that I have known for manufacturing "showing the camgrooves for reversing the thesamei'ndistinctionfrom manual processes. molds and the cam-grooves for tilting the In the accompanying drawings I show the cup. 'Fig. 13 is a plan view of Fig. 12. Fig. preferable form of apparatus inwhich my 1i, Sheet 5, is a detail vertical section of a invention can be practiced; but it will be =40 part of the apparatus, showing the mechanunderstood by those skilled in the art that the ism for operating the traveling bottom, the same may be modified in various ways withmold, and a blow-head, the latter beingsupout departure from the principles of my inported diiferently from the devices of the veution as defined in the broad claims of this preceding figures in that it is arranged to' specification. In fact, Imyself have already 4; travelwith the traveling bottom. Fig. 15 is devised and in some instances built alternaa vertical section of an apparatus of-moditive apparatus foraccomplishing several of iiedconstrnction, showing the parts as they the steps of the present process. are just afterthe sucking of the blank. Fig. On'Sheets l to 4. of the drawings I show a 16 is a horizontal section on the line XVI XVI movable (preferably rotary) mold-carrier 2,

mounted in avertical standard 3, which is rotatory around a fixed post 4,'forming part-of the fixed frame structure t of the machine.

The standard may he stepped on ball-bear- 5 ings 5 and provided with adjusting devices 6,

by which it may be adjusted and the moldcarrier heldlevel, so that the molds are kept in-truly vertical positions.

To rotate the standard 3 in step-by step fashion, I may employ a hand-lever 7, pivoted at 8 tothe base of the machine and connected by suitable mech anism, preferably a link 9, slide 10,"l'ink 11, lever 12, (pivoted at 12',) and link 13, to a loose ring 14, carrying a spring-pressed pawl 15, which engages.

ratchet-teeth 16 on the standard 3. The standard normally may be locked by a detent 17,- adapted tosengage in succession notches 18 on the standard or on a ring 19 fixed thereto, so that during the periods when the blank is being formed the mold-carrier may be held rigidly. The parts are preferably so arranged that the act of moving the hand-lever 7 into the position shown in Figs. 1 and 7 shall cause a cam-surface 20 to engage the detent 17 oraprojection 17" thereon and shall disengage the detent from the standard, so that when the lever is drawn back the standard and mold-carrier will be free to be revolved 3o thereby. At each operation of the lever the standard and mold-carrierare turned through a partial revolution, in the construction illustratelthrough an arc of sixty degrees.

-The mold-carrier 2 consists of a frame having several (in the drawings six) molds 21, journaled thereon on axes. 22, which are opposite or nearly opposite to the middle of the length of the mold-cavity. Although not indispensable, this relative location of the axis to the' center of the mold I consider highly important, as it greatly reduces the tendency of the blank to swing laterally in the mold during the molds reversal and lessens the danger of the free portion of. the blank becoming attached to theside walls of the mold, thus ruining, tlie'article. At a certain' period of travel of each mold it is pref- .erably .reversed in position-turned through one hundred and eight y degrees-by suitable mechanism, which may comprise cam-guides, preferably grooves, 23, Figs. 8 and 12,.fortned on a head 24. of the fixed post 4, and at '.a point 23' the guides are shaped in the mam nor of an open switch, so as to deflect the projections or rollers 22, which extend from the journals of the molds into. the guides, and to cause each projection to exchange position with the other, (the upper projection to enter the .lower'guide and the lower preje'ction to enter the u pperguide,) thus quickly reversing the mold.

The molds 21 are of suitableconstrnction, preferably divided vertically into two parts andopen at the ends. The interior in the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 14 is of the shape of the bottle to be formed therein, and

plied to the [which it is delivered at the neck end of the mold is a ring 25, which is held by the mold-sections,-as explained hereinafter, and is of proper form to shape the neck end of the bottle.

In the operation of the mechanism shown in Figs. 1 to 14 a gathering of glass is dropped into the mold, the neck end of which is downward, a head is brought into contact with the neck end of the mold, a suction is created,

so as to draw the glass into the neck portion of the matrix and to shape the neck of the bottle, air is then preferably blown into the neck through the nose of the head, which projects into the glass, and in this manner a preliminary cavity is formed in the blank. The head is then lowered and the mold-carrier rotated to bring the mold to a second station, during which motion the mold is inverted. At the second station a bottom is applied to the mold and the blank is freed fromthe sides of the mold while still supported by the neck- -r.ing 25 andis allowed to elongate by gravity to the extent desired, the mold-carrier is rotated one step morv, a blow-head is then apmold, and the glass blank is expanded within the mold, preferably to its final form, or the-glass may be blown up to finished form at any subsequent station to the sucking-station. I will now describe the means which I have devised for performing these operations. v

First. .The cup for introducing the glass into the mold.If desired, the gathering'of glass may be dropped directly from the gathering-to'ol .into the open end of the bottle mold, which at the first station A is neck downward; but I prefer to employ a cup 26, in which the gathering is received and from into the mold. The cup 26 has a shank 27, journaled on a bracket-arm 28, which extendsradially from the post 4 and is adapted to swing horizontally around the same concentrically with the mold-carrier 2. To turn the shank 27,I employ cam grooves or guides 29, which are formed on a curved plate 30 on the head 24 and receive projections or rollers 27' on the shank. As the bracket-arm is swung around the post 4 these projections are guided by a s'witcli-iike por- 'tion 29 of the grooves,

shank and the cup through a half-revolution.

Fig. 12, and turn the' The parts are so arranged that when the cup is thus inverted its month shall be directly over the mold 21 at the first station and A, (shown in Figs. 8 and 11,) and in order that the motion of the cup while it is being inverted shall be in the net tire of a planetar motion or eccentric sweep I place the cup out of line from the axis of the shank. It is preferable to -employ means by which the glass when introduced into the cup may be,

held at the base-thereof until the cup has been completely inverted over the mold. ,For

this purpose I prefer to use suction, and a convenient way of effecting this is-to form at the bottom of the cup a chamber 31, separated from the cup by a perforated movable bottom 32. The chamber 31 has an air-inlet 33 and an air-outlet 34, and the construction through the chamber 31, induces suction which nolds the glass upon the bottom of the cup. Then by a handle 36 or other convenient means the operator swings the bracketarm 28 horizontally, thus bringing the cup directly over the mold at the station A and inverting it. The closing of the air-outlet of the chamber 31 by theplate 35 stops the sucking action and creates an internal air-pressurewhich moves the bottom 32 of'the cup inwardly toward the cupcavity and discharges'the gathering of glass into the mold 21 directly beneath the same. The cup is not only a convenient means for delivering the glass to the molds, but it also serves another important function in that it chills somewhat the gathering of glass at the end which is to form the bottom of the bottle, and thus gives to the outer skin or surface of the glassat that point sufficient strengthto hold the glass together and prevent it from flowing. too freely or being perforated by the blast of air which is afterward blown into it.

' Within the scope of my invention as broadly claimed. other means for surface-chilling the bottom portion of the bottle blank may be employed, as will appear in the description of some of the modifications of my apparatus. The cup is also of use in that it gives a preliminary shaping to the gathering of the glass,

and delivers it tothemold in the form and condition best suited for the subsequent op erations.

Second. The head by which the glass;

sucked and bZown.-Beneath thefirst station A is the head'37, provided. with suitable means for bringing it into communication inder &8 moves back its piston and through the rod 52 retracts the piston 39, creating in with the neck end of the mold. For the lat ter purpose I prefer the following mechanism: Between suitable posts or standards, I W

constitutingpart of the framework t is {through thepassages 46 and the port 46 and guide 38, carrying a vertically-movable cyl-.

inder 39, at the upper end of which is the This nose is preferably provided withan in-' weirdly-seating valve tl, backed'by a spring 2 and adapted to be unseated by pressure of air introduced through a pipe 43,which may he conncetedwith a holder of com pressed air, but which I prefer to -.connect with a small hand-pump t4,'operated by lever 45' and adapted to delivera known volume of air at each stroke of a handle 45. Around ward motion of the piston 39.

the nose 40 is an annular suction-port 46, which'when the head is in contact with the mold communicates with the interior of the cylinder-3D by the passages 46' 46' and with the mouth of the rings 25. The cylinder 39 is carri'edby a bracket 47, secured to a sec 0nd cylinder 48,. the lower head of which is secured to the hollow piston-rod 49 of a piston 49' within a third oylinder 50. The cylinders 39, 48, and zjO ai e' arranged in line,

and a central post 51 extends through the cylinder 50 and through the piston-rod 49 to the end of the cylinder 48 when'the latter is at its lowest position. A-stem 52-counects the pistons 39 and 48 and passest'through a stufi ing-box at the head of the syiinder 48. In order to bring the head 37 to the mold 21, fluid, preferably compressed air, is admitted into the'cylinder 50 by operation of a valve 53-, moved by-handle 53, the effect of which is to raise the piston 49, with the cylinders 48 and 39, and to bring the parts into the position shown in Fig. 8. The valve 53 is suitably connected with the port of the cylinder 50 by a pipe 54, as shown in Figs. 1, S, and 11.

Third; The sucking of the glass "into the "neck of the moZd.-The glass having been introduced into the mold and the head 37. having been 'brought to the mold, as above ex plained, thenext operation is to cause a suction which will. draw the glass down into the neck-cavity, and thus form the neck of the bottle. This suction, which is preferably produced as soon as possible after the introduction of the glass into the mold or simultaneously therewith, takes place through suction-passages 46, which are preferably very narrow, so that they will permit the passage of air, but will exclude the glass. Various means may be employed for creating a suction; but I prefer to 'accomplishit by back- A valve 56 controls the admission of compressed-air into thecylinder 48 and is preferably adapted. to

she unseated bycontaot of a stem 56 with a stop57 when the cylinders are moved to bring "the head to the mold 2 l. When the valve is thus ,unseated, the air passing into the cyl-,'

thecylinder 39 a partial vacuum, which acts sucks the glass down into the ring 25 and around the nose 40, thus shaping the head of the bottle. I

Fourth. The blowing off the prelzmmary cavity in the bZank.--'Ihe next operation ispreferably the forming ofa preliminary cavity in the blank. To do this, while the mold is at the station A, as shown in Fig. 8, the operator gives a-stroke to the lever 45, thus opcrating the pump 44: and delivering through the nose 40 a jet of air' of measured volume, which unseats thevalve 4t and blows a cavity in the blank, substantially as shown by dotted tines in "Fig. 8, although thesame may be larger or smaller. This completes the operport 58 by the retraction of the stem 56 from the stop 57. When'thecylinders 48 and 39- recede, their pistons .are supported by the stem 51 and are thus brought to theendsof the cylinders. The cup 26being then or having been previously drawn-back from the mold 21 into its initial position, the mold is readyto be brought to the second station B. This I elTect by moving the lever 7 so as to turn the standard and mold-carrier, and in moving to station B the mold is inverted by the cam guides or grooves 23,as already ex plaiued Fifth. .The operation 'of the mold-bottom.-- The traveling bottom 59, Figs. 1,7, and 11, is of suitable shape to fit-the bottom of the mold and is'carried by a bracket 60, j-ournaled on the standard 3, so thatit may swing radially thereon and may carry the bottom back and forth between the third or blowing station 0 and the second station B. The bottom" is vertically movable, preferably by a piston 61', Fig. 14, to which it is connected and which works in a cylinder '61. This cylinder is operated by an air-pipe 62, controlled by a valve 62, which for convenience is preferably placed on the handle of the lever '7. When the valve is operated to admitair to the cylinder 61, th'einovable bottom is drawn thereby away'from the mold, and its reverse motion toward the mold maybe accomplished bya spring 63, which acts when the air-sup ply is cut ofi from the piston 61. As a convenient means for swinging the bracket 60,

so as to carry the mold-bottom between the stations 13 and C, I'may employ a forked lever 64, pivoted to a bracket 65 on the frame of the machine and connected by a link 66 and arm 66' with .the slide 10, which, as above explained, is moved by the lever .7 .1; The con-' sequence is that when the lever 7 is moved to the leftffor the-purpose of movi'ng-zthe pawl 15 to get a new bite on the ratchet 16 the bracket 60,with the traveling bottom,is swung from station 6 to statioh B beneath the mold at the station 13,- the valve 62' is operated so as to permit the spring 63 to raise the bottom to the mold, and when the operator draws back'the lever -7, so as to turn the mold-carrier and to bring the mold from station B to station 0, the bracket 60 and the movable bottom will travel with the mold to station 0, being actuated by the lever 7 through the slide 10 and lever 64." Siwth. The freein'g' and elongation of the body of the bZa-nk.-Sh'ortly after the mold has been inverted and has come to station B the sides of the blank are freed from contact 'with the mold-and the-blank is allowed to elongate by gravity, so as to approach .the ver iical dimension of the finished bottle. .I effeet this preferably at or immediately after 01? the mold on either side.

the bottom59 has beenapplied to the mold by opening the mold-sections, leaving the blank suspended'within the neckring. The mold-sections are opened by moving thesections slightly on their hinge; bntit' is de-- sirable that when this is done the neck-ring by which the blank is supported sh ll be.

maintained in substantially central position between the mold-sections in order that the glass shall not come in contact with the walls I I For this purpose I prefer to use the mechanism shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The neck-ring of the mold is divided in sections 25 25' on the same plane as the sections of the body portion of the mold. The ring-section25 is joined to one of the mold! sect-ions 21' by a loose connection consisting, preferably, of a stud 67 on thene'ck-ring, which extends through a L e in'the moldsection and permits independent motion of the neck-ring to the. extent of the distance between the head of the studand the side of a arm 69' or t e other and which serves to hold the ring-sender's together frictionally and to oppose a slight resistance to their separation. In order to free the glass blank from the sides of the mold, the workman seizes the handle 70, disengage's thereby the catch 70, by which the mold-sections are held together,and moves the mold-section on its hinge 71. The section 21 moves outward freely from the-ringsection 25' until the end of the loose connection 68 is reached, whereupon it will draw the ring-sec tions 25 25' withit until the end of the loose connection 67 is reached, at which time the workman ceases to open the mold. The ring is then midway between the partly-opened mold-sections, and the glass blank suspended from the ring hangs vertically centered in the middle of the mold-cavity without touching either side. (See Figs.'2 to 14.) During these operations the friction-catch 69 69 preventsthe separation of the ring-sections 25 25-.

While the mold is held thus partly open, the

glass blank elongatos under the influence of gravity} and when". it reaches the desired length, preferably when the bottom of the blank reaches or nearly reaches the bottom I 59, the mold-sections are again closed around the blank. Meanwhile the mold-carrier is turned, as above described, so as to carry the mold to-the'third station 0, and in this motion it. is accompanied by the traveling bottom 59, which remains in place at thejend oi the mold. i

- Obviously the friction-catch above de scribed does notiuterfere with the complete opening of the neck-sections when it is desirable to remove the'fiuished. bottle.

air-passage which terminates at the lower-endof the blow-head and is closed by a valve 76, the stem of which is carried by the blow-head. The blow head has a slight longitudinal movement on the piston 74, and when it is brought into contact with the mold it will unseat the valve 76, so as to admit compressed air from the cylinder 75 to the blow-bead and thence into the interior of the glass blank.

The compressed airis supplied from the pipe 7 7, controlledby the valve 53. When the mold is brought to station 0, the operator manipulates the valve so as to admit air to the cylinder 75. Thereupon the piston 74 is I depressed, the blow-head is brought to its sea. on the end of the mold, the valve 76 is unseated, and the compressed air passes into the mold and expands the glass blank into the form of the finished bottle. I p then be cut off from the cylinder 75 and the latter connected with the exhaust, whereupon the blow-head will be drawn back by a retracting-spring 78. I

Removing finished ware.The mold-carrier is then moved one step to carry the mold to the fourth station, and at this station or on The air may the way thereto the mold may be completely opened, as shown at D in Fig. 6, andthe glass bottle removed and taken to the annealing-oven without any further shaping or manipulation of the neck, such as has been required heretofore in makingbottlemfor the neck will have be n or may have been completed by the sucfiing of the glass into the mold at station A. l As the mold-carrier proceeds the mold under consideration is again inverted and brought into the position shown at E in Fig. 6, its neck end then being downward, and in this position it travelsuntil it reaches again the station A.

I'have explained above the operation of the apparatus in making a single bottle, describing the steps which are performed at each of the several stations; but itwill be understood that throughout the working of the machine these steps are being carried on at once in two or more molds at the stat-ionsA, B, and C-that is to say, while one .mold is being charged with glass at the station A a second moldyis at the station E and athird' mold is at the station 0, where the black is expand ed into final form. In some cases, however, where not much stretching is required the blank may be blown up at station E. It will be understood, however, that while this multiple operation of the machine is claimed by inc-specifically the broader claims of this specification are not limited thereto. One of the most important savings of the machine is the complete formation of the neck by sucking Without the costly reheating and halidfinishing of the same.

The modified traveling" bloke-head of Fig. 14 -In Fig. 14 I show a modification of my invention in which the blow-head 73 travels with'the movable bottom instead of being mounted in a stationary bracket, as above described. For this purpose a bracket 79 is extended from the bracket of the movable bottom, and the cyliuder of the blow-head is mounted thereon. Otherwise the operation and construction are as above described; but the blow-head may be brought down upon the mold either at the station E or at any time between the stations l3 and C, and the air may be admitted to expand the blank when desired.

=T1t modified mold-bottom of Fiq. .,l.-In Fig. 4 I show a mold-bottom 59, which does not travel with the mold, but is operated by a stationary cylinder 80. Such cylinder is fixed under the blow-head at the station 6, or the blow-head may be set over the moldcarrierat the station B, in which case the stationary bottom should also be located at station B. Such stationary or non-traveling bottom may be employed in the manufacture of some articles of glassware; but in some cases the traveling bottom is necessary, and I believe it to be always preferable.

The supplemental blou'ingmzolds of Figs. 21 and 22.In blowing some kinds of glassware, especially long bottles, it is desirable toblow the blank nearly to finished form in one mold and then to expand it finally in a second matrix or moldeither by removing the blank -from one moldto another or otherwise surrounding it byasecond matrix after its initial shaping. In Figs. 21 and 221 show convenient means by which it may be done. At or near the station C, I employ a second mold-carrier 81, arranged to be rotated around a post 82 by suitable gearing 83, connected 85, adapting it to be lifted from the mold.

With this form of my invention after the blank has been blown at, station C, as above described, the mold is opened, the neck-ring 'islifted so as (0 take the blank out of the mold 21, the article is then transferred to a mold 861011 the carrier 81, and by the rota tion of the latter carrier it is brought under the blow-head Si and is there blown into its final form, after which it may be removed and annealed. This construction gives greater olutpnt tha n if both blow-heads werearranged withthe same mold-carrier,although 85 being in engagement with a head 37', which also may be constructed as above described. Theother end of the mold contains a matrix or telescoping sleeve-bodyblank'mold 87, the interior of which is of the initial shape de'- siredfor the body of the blank and which is arranged'to be movable into and removable from the mold at the station A. For this purpose I may employ cylinders 88, whose pistons 88' are connected with the matrix-seces'tion 87 and are adapted to move the same into the mold 21, their removal being efiected by a counterbalancing weight or spring 89, connected with the pistons by a lever90. The valve 91 of the cylinders 88 may be operated independently; but it is preferably operated by the motion of the lever 7 ,.so that when the lever 7 is moved to-bring the mold to the station A the cylinders 88 will immediately move the section 87 into the mold-cavity. For '5 this purpose I may arrange the valve-lever 92, Fig. 18,- so that it will be engaged by a projecti'on 93on the link. 9, which is connected with and moved by'the hand-lever 7. When the cup 32 is not used, the gathering of glass .0 is dropped from the gathering-tool directly ilito the mold, and in order to accomplishthe.

chilling of,- the bottom of the gathering, which in the construction of Fig. 1 is performed by the cup, I'inay' employ a-movable and piece .3 94, adapted to be movedby suitablemeans,

preferably a cy. 'nder 95 and. piston 95',into. the end of the matrix-section 87. The valve 96 by which the cylinder 95 is controlled is shown in detail in Fig; and preferably has In ports 95 and 435, which lead,'-respectively, to the cylinder95 and; to the nose 40 of the head-37, the valvebein'gso arranged that; .it Willfsuccessively cause the approach of the bottom 94-to the mold and the'admission of -air to the nose 40. The operation. is 1.as follows: The lever7 having been moved to-bring the mold 21'to station A, the valve 91 is'operated, asabove explained, so as tolintroduce the matrix-section 87 into the mold 21; Ie the gathering of glass is then dro ped into the mold, and by suction, as above xplained with reference to Figsrl'to 14,-t e glass is drawn into the neck portion of the-mold-cav ity. The valve 96-is then moved so as; suci; cessively'to close the cavity oY the matrix-. section 87 by bringing the bottom piece 94 the reto,and then to' ad mitair to the nose 40 the .paratus .is modified in various ways.

air passes into the glass blank and forms an initial cavity therein, expanding it within the matrix section 87 and chilling slightly the surface of the glass by bringing it into contact with the end piece94. The valve-96 is then reversed to exhaust position, and the lever 7 is pushed back to get a new grasp on theratchet of the standard 3. This causes a reversal of the valve 91, turning it also to exhaust position, and thereupon the counterweight 89 raises the pistons 88', andby enishing mold-section 99, whose matrix is of the shape of the body of the finished bottle, is then raised by suitable means, preferably a cylinder 100 and piston 100', so as to inclose the lower portion of the blank, a blow-head 7-3 is brought down upon the mold, and air is blown therethrongh, expanding the blank within the section 99 and forming the finished article. If desired, the finishing mold-section '99 by obvious modifications may be inserted without the mold-carrier. After the blowing of the blank the mold-sectipn'99 and the blow-head may be retracted, the .moldcarrier advanced, add the glass bottle removed. The mold-section-99 is preferably made of a single piece, not sectional, and when so constructed should be provided with an air-vent 101.

The modified apparatus of Figs. 28 to 261 In the apparatus of Figs. 23 to 26, although .many of the essential features of the apparatus above described are employed, the gap or rue example, the cup in which the gathering of glass is placed is not tipped to discharge the.

glass nor are the molds inverted during the 'formationof the article. To move the molds 103, I employ a rotary standard 102, mounted upon a central shaft or step and carrying the molds,'which are arranged around its periphery, as shown at A B C D in Fig. 24. This standard. is driven by .a pawl-and-fratchet mechanism 104 (illustrated in Fig. 3) and operated by a hand-lever 105 or otherwise, so

that at each operation of the ratchet the standard will. be turned. one step-in the construction illustrated one-fourth of a revolution'there being four molds on the sleeve.

Beneath the station A, in which the neck of the blank is formed by suction, is a movable (preferably a rotary) table 106, carrying a series of cups 107," adapted to receive the gathering of glass. One of these cups is.

It hasamatrin shown in section in Fig. 23. cavity iu which the glass .is received and a base composed of a plug 108, fixed to the body of the cup and formed with an air-passage or air-passages 10.! of small size adapted to admit air to the interior of the. matrix when suction takes place. The plug and the body of the cup may be made in a single piece. Thecups have stems 110, by which they may be raised vertically into the mold cavity when they are successively brought thereunder by rotation of the table, and to lift the stem I usea' pusher-rod 111, adapted to be raised by a foot-lever 112. The table 106 is mounted on a vertical shaft or stem 113 and is rotated simultaneously with the rotation of the standard 102,.p,refe'rably by engagement of a friction-wheel. 111 on said standard with the periphery-wheel of the ta- The molds 103 are open at the bottom; to permit insertion of one of the cups, and

bio.

the upper part'of the mold-matrix has the shape desired to be given to the end ofthe blank formed therein. Above the mold, at the statio A, is a blowing apparatus comprisinga hollow stem 115, carried by a vertically-moving head 116, which is movable downwardly, so'as to bring the stem 115 into the matrix-of the mold. As a convenient means of effecting this motion I may mount the head 116 in a cylindrical casing 117 and fita pinllS on the plunger-on an inclined groove 119 in the casing, sothat when the head is. turned by a handle 116 itwillalso be caused to move vertically. To produce the exhaustion of air by which the suction is caused, I make the head 116 tubular, so thatit may serve as acylinder with ,respect to ap internal piston 120, the raising ofwhich will causea rarefaction of air in. the

head 116 below it. Air-passages 121 of smallv diameter lead from the cavity in the head 116. into the chamber 122, whence air-passages 123 of small diameter lead throughthe headi of the stem 115 and terminate-at the part connected witli the suction-piston 120 by-an.

thereof which wherrthe stem ,is inserted in the mold is at the end of the matrix cavity. The piston 120 may be operated by a. motorpiston 124', contained within the casing'll? above the hollow head llG and operated by compressed air admitted from a pipe 125 and controlled by a valve 126, which when its ,lever l26is in the position shown 'in Fig. 23 by full lines will admit air to raise the piston and to cause a suctiontin the lowenpart of the head 116 and which when turned into the positio'n shown in dotted lines causes the air to exhaust and permits the piston 124 to be forced down by the action of a weight 127 or other retracting device. The piston 124 is intermediate stem passing through a stuffingbox 129, contained in the casing 117. To admit air for the blowing and expanding of the blank, the-stem 115 is made hollow and the passage through it is closed by a valve 130, which is normally held in sealed position by a spring 131 and which maybe unseated by blowing.

connects the pipe 125 with the exhaust-port.

The operation of the parts'of the appara tus which I have ,just described is as follows:.

The operator introduces into one of thecups' 107 sufficient glass to fill the cup. The standard 102 isrotated by the mechanism 105, and. the same motion which brings. the mold around to the station A also turns the table 106, so as to bring a charged cup 107 into position directly below the matrix of themold.

The operator then by. depressing the foot-lever 112 raises the cup, with its charge-"0f; glass, into the matrix of themoldand by' the' lever 116' brings the plunger 1-16downwa'rdly, so as to cause the stem '1 15 toeuter and to close the end of the matrix. .Then by operation of the valve 126 the piston-l2 lisrais'ed, moving also the piston120 lu the casing 117 and producing an exhaustion of air which,

connecting with the interior of the matrix' through the air-ports 121, 122, and-5'23, sucks up the molten glass. around the stem 115 and into theend of the matrix and forms the neck of a bottle-of the shape desired. The valve-lever 126 is then reversed, and the air is admitted thereby throughthe pipe 132, which unseating the valve 130 and passing through the hollow stem 115, blows acavity in the body ofthe blank, as shown by dotted I lines in Fig.23, thereby .fillingthe cavity of the cup left by the-glass, which-has been-displaced ;upwardly .by the suction, although this preliminary-blowing in some instances may be omitted. The cup isthen withdrawn downwardly from the bottom of. the mold,

theblowing-stem is lifted from the neck of the mold, andthesleeVe Sta-ndard102 is turned a.quarter-revol ution to th'estation B, bringing another mold into position belowthe stem 115 and another cup 107, charged with glass, below the mold, whereupon the.

operation above describedis repeated. 7 The next. quarter-turn of the standard brings the mold from the station B into the station 0,

can be raised into contact with thetnoldby at which .the blank isfiually expanded by I For this purpose Iprovi-de at the station C a movable mold-bottom 135, which a'footlever 136,f. engaginga stem 135 of the mold-bottom. The blowing apparatus comprises a vertically-movablecap 137, which fits on top of u the mold and has a nose 138, and above the cup and fixed thereto is a cylinder 139, connected with acurved flexible air-supply'pipe 140, leading from the pipe 133. Within the cylinder 139 is a hollow piston 141, whose passage is closed by a valve1l2. The'piston ts normally kept in elevated position by a spring 143; but when ,airisadmitted through thepipe 140 the piston is moved downwardly until the end of the valve-stemengages a stop or projection 144, which will unseat the valve and to force the cylinder 139 downwardly in its casing or guide 145 until the end of the cap 137is seatedupon the top of the mold. Further exertion of the air-pressu re from the pipe 140 within thecylind'er139 will force down-the piston 141 against the pressure of the spring 143, (said springbeing made strong enon gh to uphold the piston until the cap. 137 has been seated,) and atthe end of the pistonsmotion when the valve-stem engages the stop 144 the valve is openedand the air passes through the nose into the matrix and expands the blank into its finished. form, the mold-bottom 135 having been raised so as to close the matrix before the blowing begins. When the air is shut off by the valve 134, the pipe 140 will relax and the piston 139 and cap 137 will be retracted by a weight 146. The mold-bottom then being dropped the mold is brought at the next quarter-rotation of the standard 102 to the station D, at which it is opened and the finished article removed there- 7 from;

It will be understood that the operations of the machine are continuous and 'at each quarter-revolution of the staudardone of the cups 107, with glass charged therein, is brought to sntion A. An empty mold is also brought to station A, where the blank is initially formed. Another mold with a blank is brought into the station B, where it is at rest, and a third'mo-ld into thestation 0, wherethe blank is finally expanded, and a fourth mold into the station D, where the finished article is removed, and that at'each operation of the-air-valve 134 a blank is initially sucked and .blown at A and another blankis finally blown at B. The station is an idle station, and although it ispreferable'it is not essential to the operation of the machine.

Instead of constituting the larger matrix at B merely by removing a cup from the interior of the mold the same end may be otherwise attained by means'now recognized as equivalents.

-The following are some of the details of construction'of the. apparatus shown in the drawings and not already described:

In order that the molds may be locked or held positively in the several positions into which they are-successively brought, I provide a latch-rod 147, adapted to engage stops 148 on the standard 102 and normally held in such engagement by a spring 149. When the lever is moved to turn the standard, it engages a cam 150 on the latch and disengages it from the stop, seas to permit the standard to be rotated.

As shown in Fig. 23, the lugs or brackets 151 and 152, by which the casings 139 and 117 are respectively held, are preferably made vertically adjustable in order to provide for the proper adjustment of the parts of the machine.

I prefer that the levers 1-12 and 136 should be compound levers, each lever being pivoted at its end on a pivot 153 and at a middle point joined by a slotted connection 154 to the end 01' a lever 155, which is pivoted at 155' and at its outer end bears upon thestem 111 or 135', as the case may'be. This construction of the levers makes it easy for the parts 111 and 135-whichareupheld thereby to drop as soon as the foot-pressure is released.

In Fig. 26 I show instead of the piston for creating a suction by which the blank is formed a siphon-exhaust-pump b,'operated'- by a steam or air jet from a pipe 0, the airexhaust pipe d leading thence to a chamber connecting with the air-passages 121 122 123. Other mechanism for-exhausting the air may beadmitted.

The advantages of my invention'consist in the .c'heapness and rapidity with which it en-. ables me to make articles of glassware-such as jars, bottles, &c.'-and inthe excellent quality'of the articles which are produced thereby. The invention is well adapted to the manufacture of narrowneck bottles, which heretofore, so far as I know, had not been made successfully by machine. It will be understood, however, that althoughIhave shown the apparatus adapted for the manufactureof such narrow-neck bottles my invention is not limited thereto, but may be used for making glass articles of other kinds by suitable changes in the form and relation of the parts. As there are many novel and original features of process and apparatus in my application independent of the novelty of sucking the neck, I desire to claim such features, both singly and in combination, even when some other method of forming the neck is resorted to. It will be understood also that parts of my invention stated in the individual claims maybe-used independently of the other parts or in other combinations and that changes may be made in the appa-.

ratu's, since- What I claim is- -1. Glass-fiorming apparatus comprising 'a matrix, means adapted to exhaust air at a.por'- tion-thereof and to suck the glass,and means for blowing the glass blank so formed to shape. v

2. I Glass-forming apparatus comprising a matrix, meansadapted to'cxhaust air ata portion thereof and to suck the glass, and'means for blowing a cavity in the glass blank so formed without changing its position.

3. Glass-forming apparatus comprising a movable'earrier, molds carried thereby, and sucking mechanism, and blowing mechanism, to which the molds are carried successively.

4. Glass-formingapparatus comprising a movablecarrier,molds carried thereby, mechanism by which the molds may be. reversed at stated intervals and sucking and blowing mechanism, to which the molds are carried sucessively.

5. Glass-forming apparatus'comprisi'ng a movable carrier, molds carried thereby, mechanism by which the molds may be reversed at stated intervals by being rotated on an axis in a plane substantially intersectingthe longitudinal center of the mold and sucking and blowing mechanism, to which the molds are carried successively. I

6. Glass-forming apparatus comprising a movablev carrier, amold mounted thereon, rollers connected with said mold and switchtracks for said rollers, whereby the mold may be turned end for end and subsequently reverted to its original position.

7. Glass forming apparatus which comprises a mold; a cup which initially receives the charge of glass and a guide forinverting the cup over the mold to deliver the charge from the cup into the mold.

S. Glass-forming apparatus which com prises a mold; a shaft, a cup ec'centrically mounted thereon whichreceives the charge of glass and means forinverting the cup over the mold to deliver the charge from the cup into the mold.

9. Glass forming apparatus which comprises a mold, a cup which initially receives the charge of glass, means for inverting thecup over the mold and delivering the charge from the cup to the mold and means for .retaining the glass in the cup'during the actof inversion.

10. Glass-forming apparatus which comprises a mold, a cup which initially receives the charge of glass, means for inverting the cup over the mold and delivering .the charge from the cup to the mold andmeans for applying suction to the bottom of the cup during the act of inversion. V

11. Glass-forming apparatuswhich comprises a mold, a double-chambered cup, the

upper portion of which receives initially the charge of glass,'and the lower portion of which is an air-chamber communicating with the upper portion, means for inverting the cup over the mold, and means for creating asuction in said'lower chamber during said inversion changing to a plenum condition after inversion.

12. In glass-forming apparatus a head consistingof a nose surrounded by an annular sucking-port.

13. In glass-forming apparatus, a combined blowing and sucking head having a port for sucking anda perforated nose for blowing.

14. Inglass-formingapparatus,acombined blowing and sucking head having a port for sucking and a valve-containing perforated nose for blowing. v

15. In glass-forming apparatus a combined blowing and sucking head having a port for sucking, a valveneontaining perforated nose for blowing and air-pressure means for unseating said valve.

16. In glass-forming apparatus the combination of a glass-mold, a sucking-head, asucking-cylinder connected thereto, power mechanism to actuate the piston of said suckingcylinder and means for expanding the glass whilein the mold;

17. In glass-forming apparatus, the combination of a sucking-cylinder, a'power-cylinder to actuate the suction of the same and a. lifting-cylinder to raise the sucking-cylinder into operative position.

18. In glass-forming apparatus the combination of a sucking-cylinder, a power-cylinder to actuate the suction of the same,a liftin g-cylinderto raise the suckiug -cylinderinto operative position and means to uphold the pistons of the suction and power cylinders after the same have sunk after action.

10. In glass=forming apparatus, the combination of a sucking-cylinder, a power-cylinder to actuate the same, a common piston-rod for said cylinders, a lifting-cylinder to raise said sucking-cylinder to operative position, a hollow piston-rod for said lifting-cylinder and a post passing through said hollow piston-rod and adapted to support the pistons of 'the sucking and power cylinders after the same have sunk after action. 7

In apparatus for forming glass theeombination of a mold-carrier, open-bottomed molds carried thereby and a traveling bottom adapted to'close the lower end of the molds at a plu rality of positions and caused to travel with said molds bymechanisrn distinct from the said carrier; p

2).. In apparatus for forming glass, the combination'ot a vertically-sectional body-mold, a: vertically-sectional neck-ring loosely .connected'with the sections of the body-mold, and means for holding the. .,neck sections closed when the body sections are being opened until the end of the aforesaid loose connections is reached. I p

22. In apparatus for forming glass, the combination of a vertically-sectional bodyfmold, a vertically-sectional neck-ring loosely connected with-the sections of the and friction devices for holding t e neck-sections together when the body-sections are open until the loose connection is exhausted.

23. in apparatus for forming glass, the combination of a vertically-sectional body-mold, a vertically-sectional neck-ring loosely connected with the sections, of the body-mold ody mold and the rod 69 and arm 69. or,heldiu 'g-1$he to be applied to the mold dnr-ing-theblowing m neck-sections elosed'when'the body-seems. pperatiom r f I are beii'ag opened until the-loose conneetien Signed at Pittsburg-thismst day of May,

is exhausted. i 1.900. 5" -24. In apparatus for forming glassware, the

combination of'n'mqld cm'rier; open-botwme'd molds carried nhereby, mechauism'for uek-' Witnesses: I ing one end of tho-article, mechanism for CASKEY blowing't-he other end and a separable bottom. ALFRED W. -B1:A'l'rY.

' JULIUS 'PROEGER; 

